Henry goldwater



(No Model.)

- H. GOLDWATER.

APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING LIQUIDS. No. 335,281. Patented Feb. 2, 1886.

UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

HENRY GOLD\VATER, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters-Patent No. 335,281, dated February2,1886.

Serial No. 170,719.

(No model.)

I 0 all whom, i2; may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY GOLDWATER, of the city and county of New York,in the State of New York, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Apparatus for vaporizing Liquids, of which the followingis a specification.

The object of the invention is to aid in avoiding the carrying along ofthe particles of denser Vapors with the vapor properly delivered at thevarious stages 01' the distillation.

Vhen a still is driven so as to give off vapor rapidly, the vapor isliable to carry up some, and in many cases considerable, quantities ofthe heavier vapors, and finally the dense oil, paraffiue, and tar, andin general it may be said the liquid from which the vapor is beingdisengaged. I provide means for arresting such heavier vapors andunevaporated liquid, retaining the vapors until a later stage, orconducting them and the particles of liquid back to mingle with theliquid remaining in the still. In some or all cases the vapors andliquid thus arrested are composed in part of material so volatile as togive off light vapors during the period while it is arrested andretained or being conveyed back. I provide for properly conducting awaythe vapor which may be given off by such arrested vapors and liquid, andmingling them with the other portions of the vapor given off by thestill.

The accompanying drawing forms a part of this specification. It is avertical section showing what I consider the best means of carrying outthe invention in a very simple form of apparatus.

Referring to the drawing, and to the letters of reference markedthereon, A is a retort of rectangular section,Bacapacious pipethroughwhich the vapor is allowed to freely rise. These parts, as also thesurrounding brickwork, the provisions for heating the still, also thepipe and controlling means for supplying the liquid, and a pipe andcontrolling means for drawing off the unevaporated portion from time totime may be of any ordinary or suitable construction, and need not bespecifically described.

D is a casing inclosing a shallow chamber extending over the whole topof the still. From it descend two tubes, d, leading to points below thesurface of the liquid in the still.

E is a smaller casing, mounted above D, and having considerable height.The tube B is led up to the middle or upper portion of E, and is theresurmounted by a cap, 0, which prevents the further direct rise of thevapors and of any unevaporated liquid which may be carried with them.From the cap 0 two conical casings, c c, extend down and open into thechamber E near its base. The direction of discharge of the vapors fromthe space between thcse casings is obliquely downward.

F are short tubes extending downward from the base of the chamber Enearly to the top of the still.

Tubes 6 extend upward from the casing D, and openinto the upperpart ofthe chamber E. From the top of the chamber E a pipe, M, conducts theproper vapor upward.

As the vapor delivered upward through M may under some circumstancesstill contain particles ofliquid,I provide still further means forarresting and detaining or returning them. These are the extendedvessels P,arranged to receive the vapor centrally from below anddischarge it centrally above; but in the interim to conduct it around afiat plate, Q, which I term the arrestingplate, interposed. The outeredges of the upper portion of each of these vessels, which 1 will termtraps, are raised a little above the main body, as shown. It has beencommon in other branches of the distilling art to employ one or moresuch traps,each receivinga stream of cold water on one side, andallowing the water to flow away more or less warmed from the other side;but as heretofore used all the traps received equally cold water.

1 have devised and reduced to a practical form an improvement in whichthe Water is received cold in the upper trap alone, and flows downwardinto the other traps with its temperature successively raised in each.

R is a pipe bringing cold water from an elevated reservoir or othersuitable source. (Not represented).

Care should be taken to set all the traps 1 Q with their upper rims asnearly level as possible. This allows the water to flow over the edge ina tolerably uniform layer. It Wets not only the entire periphery butalso the entire bottom of each trap. I regulate the supply of water sothat it shall rarely if ever flow so fast as to induce the water to fallin drops or streams from the periphery of the bottom. It adheres to thebottom, following the laws by which water adheres to wetted surfaces,and,coming inward from the periphery,trickles down and wets the pipe andflows into the next trapbelow with its tempera.- ture raised. Thisoperation is repeated for each trap.

Operation: The still A, being about twothirds filled with petroleum orother liquid to be distilled,and properly heated, first gives off thelightest vapor; but certain portions of the heavier vapors and of theunevaporated liquid are carried up with it. The mixed vapor, containingalso a small quantity of unevaporated liquid, rises through the pipe B,is arrested by the cap 0, and caused to descend through the conicalspace 0. The mingled vapor and liquid being projected obliquelydownward,the particles ofliquid, being denser than the vapor, arecarried downward by momentum and collect on the bottom ofthe chamber,andthe heavy vapors, on a nearly similar principle, separatefrom the lightvapor and re main, while the light vapor is disengaged and rises in adry condition. The heavy vapors and liquid,aecumulating in the bottom ofthe chamber E, descend through the short tubes E into the casing D,where, receiving some heat from thetop of the retort, the distillationcontinues, but more gently than in the body of the retort. The lightestvapor rises through the tubes 0, and, being discharged. into the upperportion of the chamber E, mingles with the other vapor and is conveyedaway. The liquid which remains unevaporated descends through the pipes dand mingles with the liquid remaining in the still. The heaviest vaporsmay in some cases condense and descend also through d. Vapors ofintermediate grade, by remaining a little time, find the conditions sochanged that the retort is commencing to give off vapors about as heavyas themselves. When such period arrives, they are ready to rise throughc and be carried away. Under all conditions the traps P contribute tothe dryness of the escaping vapor and to the uniformity of the gradedelivered at any one period by arresting the unevaporated particles. Theparticles thus arrested become slowly redistilled as they trickle back,the heavier par ticles consequently finding their way back into thevessel E, and from that into the chamber D, and down through that intothe dense oil or tar remaining in the retort; but the greater proportionof the particles thus arrested will, like the corresponding particles ofliquid and the greater quantity of denser vapor, be arrested in theportion of the apparatus first described, and be passed away as a vaporat a later stage of distillation. The result is that the petroleum-vaporrising from the apparatus belowv has a successively lowered temperaturein each trap. The effect of the traps P with their successivedifferences of temperature is slight, but sutficient to add materiallyto the arresting of the unevaporated liquid and to the retardation ofthe denser vapors.

The extension of the pipes d downward nearly to the bottom of the stillinsures that in any ordinary condition of the still no vapor shall everrise through these pipes. The short pipes F, extending downward nearlyto the top of the retort, attain the same endthat is, they insure thatno considerable current of vapor shall rise through these tubes toobstruct the descent of the liquid.

The extension of the pipes e insures that the vapor generated in thecasing D shall have a free discharge unobstructed by any liquidaccumulated in the chamber E.

Modifications may be made in the forms and proportions within widelimits. One pipe, 01, may suffice, or three or a larger number may beused. Instead of a continuous conical space, c, a series of pipessimilarly arranged may serve. The passage or the pipes may beinclined toa greater or less extent than here shown, or they may be variouslycontorted, the essential feature being that the proper va por, with anyheavier vapor or vapors and all particles of unevaporated liquid carriedtherein, shall be projected downward, so that the momentum of the denserportions shall insure their descent and their retention in the bottom ofthe chamber E, while the proper vapor has liberty for free escape.

Parts of the invention may be used without the whole. I can dispensewith the short pipes f and provide other means for conducting the liquiddownward. The surfaces may be inclined, domed, coned, or otherwisevaried instead of being horizontal.

I claim as my invention- 1. In combination with a still, A, casings Dand E, and means, as B O c, for arresting the current of vapor andprojecting it with its contents downward, the'pipes 6, leading from thecasing D above the retort, and communicating with the upper portion ofthe chamber E, as herein specified.

2. In a petroleum-distilling apparatus, in combination with the retortA, and means, as O c D d E e, for arresting the principal portion of theheavy vapors and unevaporated liquid, the trap or traps P Q, having eacha concave top and a level rim arranged in a se ries in the ascendingportion of the deliverypipe, and with provisions for flowing cold wateron the upper trap and taking away the same from the lower trap,substantially as herein specified.

In testimony whereofI have hereunto set my hand, at New York city, N.Y., this 2d day of July, 1885, in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

HENRY GOLDWATER.

Witnesses:

E. BROOKES, M. F. BOYLE,

